Understand Why Gums Recede
Receding gum lines happen when gum tissue pulls back from the teeth, exposing more of the tooth or its root. This can lead to sensitivity, a higher risk of decay on the root surface, and cosmetic concerns. Gum recession is common, but it is not something to ignore, because it can progress over time if the cause is not addressed.
How to tell if your gums are receding
- Teeth look longer than they used to.
- You can see or feel the tooth root near the gum line.
- Increased sensitivity to cold, heat, or brushing.
- Notches near the gum line (often from abrasion or clenching).
- Gums that look uneven from tooth to tooth.
Common causes
- Gum disease: Infection and inflammation can break down gum and bone support.
- Brushing too hard: Aggressive brushing or a hard-bristled brush can wear tissue away.
- Clenching or grinding: Excess forces can contribute to recession and gumline notches.
- Thin gum tissue: Some people naturally have more delicate gums and are more prone to recession.
- Tobacco use: Can reduce blood flow and increase gum breakdown risk.
- Orthodontic movement: In some cases, tooth movement outside the bone envelope can contribute.
- Piercings and chronic irritation: Lip or tongue jewelry can rub and damage tissue.
Why recession matters
When roots are exposed, they are more vulnerable to decay and wear because root surfaces do not have enamel protection like the crown of the tooth. Recession can also make teeth more sensitive and can signal active gum disease, which may involve bone loss if untreated.
How recession is treated
Treatment depends on the cause and severity. Your dentist may recommend improved home-care technique, more frequent cleanings, desensitizing products, or treating gum disease if present. For worn areas near the gum line, bonding may be used to protect exposed roots. In more advanced cases, a gum graft procedure may be recommended to cover exposed roots and add thickness to the tissue.
How to help prevent it from getting worse
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle technique.
- Ask about an electric brush with pressure control.
- Wear a night guard if you grind or clench.
- Stay consistent with professional cleanings.
- Avoid tobacco and manage dry mouth if present.
When to schedule an exam
See a dentist if you notice new sensitivity, visible root exposure, bleeding gums, or changes in how your teeth look. Early intervention can prevent progression and protect your teeth for the long term.
